Improving Web Page Readability by Plain Language

In today's world anybody who wants to access any information the first choice is to use the web because it is the only source to provide easy and instant access to information. However web readers face many hurdles from web which includes load of web pages, text size, finding related information, spelling and grammar etc. However understanding of web pages written in English language creates great problems for non native readers who have basic knowledge of English. In this paper, we propose a plain language for a local language (Urdu) using English alphabets for web pages in Pakistan. For this purpose we developed two websites, one with a normal English fonts and other in a local language text scheme using English alphabets. We also conducted a questionnaire from 40 different users with a different level of English language fluency in Pakistan to gain the evidence of the practicality of our approach. The result shows that the proposed plain language text scheme using English alphabets improved the reading comprehension for non native English speakers in Pakistan

Effect of hybrid reinforcement on the performance of filament wound hollow shaft

Previous studies have shown that composite materials can replace metals as the material of construction in shafts. Composite material shafts are normally made up of polymer matrix composites as they are easy to design and economical to manufacture. This paper investigates the effect of hybrid reinforcement on the performance of filament wound hollow shaft. The hybrid shafts are composed of hybrid filaments including a combination of carbon, glass and aramid fibers. The initial stage involved development and verification of FEA model in order to establish grounds for further experimentation. Afterwards, a design of experiments model was established and experiments were performed using FEA. After the design phase, the shafts were manufactured using filament winding processing technique employing suitable matrix and reinforcement systems. Lastly, the shafts were tested for torsional characteristics, hardness, density and chemical reactivity. The results showed that carbon fiber reinforcement shows best results in terms of torsional characteristics. In terms of chemical reactivity, carbon-glass hybrid reinforcement exhibited minimum degradation. Furthermore, it was also found that hybrid reinforcements containing carbon-aramid fibers showed better results in terms of density and surface hardness

Organizational Culture as a Moderator Between Paternalistic Leadership Style and Organizational Commitment: A Case of Banking Sector, Pakistan

This study seeks to examine the moderating role of organizational culture between Paternalistic Leadership Style and organizational commitment in the banking setting. This is an explanatory study based on 345 employees working in two private banks located in Lahore, Pakistan by using stratified sampling technique. Data were collected using the organizational commitment scale, paternalistic leadership scale and organizational culture scale. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Pearson correlation were employed and hypotheses were tested using Hierarchical Multiple Regression. The results indicate that paternalistic leadership style significantly related to organizational commitment and organizational culture acted as a moderator in this relationship. Moreover, study also indicated the positive relationship between paternalistic leadership style and organizational culture and organizational commitment and organizational culture. Keywords: Paternalistic Leadership, Organizational Culture, Organizational Commitment, Lahore, Pakistan DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-1-05 Publication date: January 31st 202

NON-FINANCIAL INCENTIVE SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

Financial rewards have high significance in motivatinghuman resources as well as making them committed. Hence, the focusof this research is on the impact of Non-Financial Incentives onOrganizational Commitment. The methodology used in this study is asurvey of 175 employees from 20 companies that were selectedrandomly from the population i.e. Food and Beverage industry ofPakistan. Statistical tools used for testing the hypotheses that weredeveloped on the basis of literature review, were spearman’s rhocorrelation and regression. Results show that job-related incentivesrelatively play significant role in instigating organizationalcommitment among employees in an organization

Impact of Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance: A Case of FMCG Industry of Pakistan

Leadership is one of the key roles used in any organization. Transactional leadership and Transformational leadership are two key styles who gain immense importance from past few decades. This study is about these two leadership styles having impact on employee’s performance in FMCG industry of Pakistan. Data have been collected from 318 employees and has been concluded that though both leadership styles are having positive relation with employee performance but, transactional leadership style has strongly positive correlation with the performance of the employees. Along with Pearson correlation, Linear Regression Analysis has also been used in order to predict the predictor’s contribution towards employees’ performance. Moreover, it has been recommended that if Pakistan FMCG industry focuses on Transactional Leadership Style through trainings and different manuals, then it can develop such leaders in a better way. Keywords: Transactional Leadership Style, Transformational Leadership Style, Employee Performance, FMCG, Pakistan.

Effect of carbon fiber winding layer on torsional characteristics of filament wound composite shafts

Composite materials are promising candidates as structural materials and substituting metals in extensive applications. Shafts are used in aerospace and automotive structures and hence replacing conventional shafts with composite material shafts is a viable option. Hollow shafts can be manufactured using filament winding technology employing hoop and helix winding layers. Filament winding technology offers several advantages such as continuous filaments through structure and capability for continuous manufacturing. Previously researchers have investigated composite shafts; however, this research elaborates the significance of type of winding layer on torsional characteristics. This paper reports the effects of carbon fiber winding layer on torsional characteristics of filament wound composite hollow shafts. Shafts were manufactured using filament winding technology with continuous carbon fiber roving and epoxy matrix material and tested using the torsional testing machine. The finite element (FE) simulations have been carried out with a general purpose commercial FE code, ABAQUS, to demonstrate shafts in torsional loading. The results revealed that values from torsional test correlate with developed finite element model. It was concluded that helix winding layer offers high hardness and more resistance to torsional forces as compared to hoop winding layer in filament wound composite shafts

Impact of Terrorism on International tourism demand

Tourists seek safe and secure destinations and avoid that of overwhelmed with terrorism. This study quantifies the relationship between terrorism and international tourism demand in 200 destination countries and regions for the period of 1995 to 2020. To achieve the objective, the study implied two-dimensional analyses by using the gravity model through Pooled ordinary least square estimator to pay special attention towards demand distribution. Our empirical results depict that, terrorism and terrorism in a destination country has a statistically insignificant relationship on international tourism demand, more specifically, here radical decline in GDP was observed in the sub-period 2006 – 2020 due to the global financial crisis and its aftershocks which badly affects tourist’s attraction to destination countries. This study pinpoints new insights for national tourism policymakers and business purposes.          &nbsp